Why Stalin emerged as the dominant political force by 1929 Essay Example for Free

Why Stalin developed as the prevailing political power by 1929 Essay A savage despot (Totsky), Stalin developed force inside the Bolshevik party, from the outset discreetly and unnoticeably, yet then utilized the blend of his situation to guarantee him practically boundless forces. He evacuated his restriction bit by bit strategically exchanging sides of the gathering, and in this way clearing his way up to the top. Basically Stalin developed the prevailing political power by 1929 in light of the fact that he expelled all restriction from the gathering making him the prime head of the gathering. Stalin held various what from the start appeared as unimportant posts, which later gave Stalin as broad measure of intensity inside the gathering. His titles were Commissar of Nationalities (1917), Chairman of Orgburo (1919), Chairman of Workers and Inspectorate (1919) and later General Secretary of the Party (1921). With these presents Stalin approached on work force documents on the entirety of the gathering individuals. Because of the structure of the gathering at the time this unexpectedly gave him privilege, as he turned into the irreplaceable connection in the hierarchy of leadership. Stalin likewise picked up the option to choose and pull back people to/from authentic situations inside the gathering. He utilized this for his potential benefit and named his own kin, (ie: the individuals who were faithful to Stalin and followed a similar belief system as him,) in key positions. Stalin along these lines supplanted people from key positions and supplanted them with his supporters. This in result gave him overpowering force as he could depend on these individuals to decide in favor of him and subsequently regardless of the capacity of the people or gatherings that contradicted him, he could generally out-vote and out-move them. Subsequently Stalin could now impact the gathering prompting him turning into a prevailing political power by 1929. Beginning from 1923 Lenin chose to expand the enrollment of the gathering with increasingly mechanical specialists, which carried on until 1925 and was known as Lenins Enrolment. More than 500,000 laborers were selected, multiplying the partys participation and this was to have significant results. The new individuals were to a great extent uneducated and politically na㠯⠿â ½ve. As a general secretary, it was Stalin who was liable for overseeing Lenins Enrolment. E.H. Carr called attention to that the Bolshevik Party transformed from the world class gathering of Lenin to the mass party of Stalin. Stalin was consequently fabricating monstrous help, later prompting him turning into the prevailing political power in Soviet legislative issues. Stalin was likewise fortified unexpectedly by Lenin and his assault on the Factionalism. Lenin denounced the gathering quarreling and the resistance to party from inside the gathering. Lenin successfully controlled and disappointed any genuine endeavor to censured party strategy or choices. This made it progressively hard to shape real restriction from inside the gathering. This bourgeoned Stalins power as right off the bat he was a recipient of the assault on factionalism and the charge of factionalism gave him a prepared weapon for opposing difficulties to the position he had just started to work out. This was one of the strategies utilized by Stalin to make sure about him the following replacement to Lenin. Because of these strategies Stalin rose as the prevailing political power by 1929. The gathering was separated among numerous issues with the New Economic Policy having the best importance. The individuals who were reproachful of the NEP were marked left socialists and the individuals who acknowledged that as long as the NEP kept on meeting the countries food needs then it ought to be protected, were marked right socialists. Stalins see was that an opponents mentality towards the NEP may be shortcoming to be abused; on the off chance that it could be set up that his perspectives showed degenerate Marxist reasoning it gets conceivable to subvert, if not annihilate, his situation inside the gathering. Stalin in this manner exchanged sides of the gathering by changing sides of the contention to sabotage his opponents bit by bit. Subsequently his opponents would free credit while he would pick up credit. Anyway the fundamental and most famous strategy utilized by Stalin was to keep his political status inside the gathering community. Along these lines Stalin could without much of a stretch move from left to option to debilitate and plot against his adversaries. The Politburo considered Trotsky to be a grater peril than Stalin. Stalin along these lines originally shaped triumvirate with Zinoviev and Kamenev to square Trotsky, who was before long blamed for censuring the Cult of Lenin and his nonappearance in Lenins burial service was made to be viewed as apostasy. The new lowly participation helped Stalin to evacuate Trotsky as the gathering was not dazzled by the refined picture of Trotsky. Accordingly Trotsky was outvoted in 1927, which prompted congress tolerating the recommendation that Trotsky is to be ousted from the gathering and was soon inside banished. As his following stage, Stalin utilized the way that Zinoviev and Kamenev agreed with Trotsky over the issue of NEP against them and to likewise move them. Stalin moved to help the privilege of the gathering, who trusted in NEP as a friend in need of Russias present economy. In result, the 1925 party congress vanquished all left wing movements and impugned the lefts as double crossers of the upset. Thus Kamenev and Zinoviev were ousted from the gathering. After the left of the gathering had been vanquished Stalin begun work to crush the privilege of the gathering. After two great harvests toward the finish of 1925 Stalin utilized the contention that grain costs were falling as laborers were retaining grain to drive up the cost of grain. Stalin considered this to be private enterprise to the detriment of the urban areas. He presented a criminal law making the disguise of grain be a wrongdoing. He sent warriors into the wide open to rebuff the laborers, This prompted battling in certain territories and Bukharin in result condemned Stalin as a despot. Bukharin and his adherents were censured as traditional deviationists. Toward the finish of 1928 Bukharin surrendered as proofreader of Pravda and alongside Trotsky and Rykov they were ousted from the gathering. Subsequently now Stalin had effectively expelled the resistance from the two sides of the gathering, filling the holes in the gathering with his adherents and in result leaving him as the main political power to manage the Soviet Union. All in all Stalin decimated his resistance so as to leave him as the main evident contender to succeed Lenin as the pioneer of the Bolshevik Party. Stalin rose to control utilizing his key situation as the General Secretary for his potential benefit. The structure of the gathering additionally profited him as his activities didn't appear to be that noteworthy in his battle for power from the outset hand and along these lines concealing him from judgment.

Greek And Roman Art Essay Example For Students

Let It Bleed

Let It Bleed DID YOU KNOW? Bonsai Kittens were a hoax started by MIT students. Yesterday I overcame yet another longtime fear and gave blood. I couldnt help but think of the time in high school that my friend Allison was giving blood to get extra credit in AP Bio (no, really) and she passed out in the middle of it, in the process missing the first hour of our ultra-important fail-if-you-miss-it concert band rehearsal that night. Luckily, her dad was the drivers ed teacher and bailed her out. It was like Boy Meets World, or what I imagine Boy Meets World would have been like if I had ever watched it. Anyway, no. What I really couldnt help thinking of was the slipstream flow of my blood through the needle, and how the blood was being collected into a lower than my arm in order to establish a pressure head on the fluid, and how the cuff she had tightened on my arm was helping to dilate my blood vessels, and how this all related to the pressure taps in the pipe that we were using in 10.26: Chemical Engineering Project Lab to do fluid mechanics research, which I had to go to 5 minutes after giving blood. MIT is really like that. Anyway, somebody had a questions about AP tests, and since theyre kind of like some relentless vampire designed to suck money out of unsuspecting high-achieving high school students, I decided that this anecdote would pair well with an answer to this question. AP tests are mostly good for getting you out of GIRs. This is usually a good thing. If you dont have so many GIRs to take your freshman year, you can take more classes in your major and figure out if you really like it or not. My second term at MIT, 18.100B taught me 101 reasons not to be a math major, while Sarah Tabacco and 5.12 showed me that I really could do organic chemistry, if I just believed in myself. Had I not taken the advanced standing exam for 18.03, I might be studying for the actuarial exams these days instead of turning turkey carcasses into a usable fuel. On the other hand, sometimes GIRs are there for a reason. Im not particularly good at thermodynamics, but last spring I totally rocked 5.60: Thermodynamics and Kinetics by taking it two terms late, with a bunch of Chemical Engineering freshmen. I didnt study harder than anybody else, but after three terms of MIT I had developed the ability to study smarter than your average freshman. No doubt that any of them would now be able to go into any freshman class and get the same results. Its really great if you can come into MIT and take sophomore physics right off the bat, especially if youre a physics majorhowever, remember that youre going to be taking it with mostly sophomores (and nuclear engineers) who arent coming right out of high school. That being said, I would still personally use all the AP credits I could possibly get if I were you. As I have discovered too late, there are too many awesome classes here to spend time taking GIRs and introductory classes that you dont need to take. So, heres how it goes. Physics: The GIRs are 8.01: Mechanics and 8.02: EM. Most people take them in their first two terms here. If you get a 5 on both parts of Physics C, you get credit for 8.01. Nobody knows why you need a 5 on the EM portion of Physics C just to get out of Mechanics. There are also advanced standing exams for both classes offered during orientation. Physics B gets you NOTHING! However, I got a 5 on Physics B and was kind of bored in 8.01. I would suggest trying to take the advanced standing exam in that case. Alternatively, you can take 8.012 and 8.022, which are physics for masochists. Having taken 8.022, I can tell you that these classes will NOT NOT NOT be boring for you after the AP test. Biology: There is one GIR, 7.01x, offered in three different-flavored classes in the spring and fall. Most people dont take it their freshman year, put it off as long as possible, then take it with a bunch of grade-hungry freshman pre-meds, get mad because theyre getting a B in an easy GIR, and end up hating bio forever. Which is kind of unfair, because one of the guys who teaches it identified the first oncogene. A 5 on AP Bio gets you credit for it, and theres really no reason not to take advantage of that whether you want to major in biology or not. I took both 5.07: Biochemistry and 7.06: Cell Biology over 2 years after taking AP Bio, and didnt feel unprepared for them at all. Chemistry: There is one GIR in chemistry. You can satisfy it with 3.091 (easy), 5.111 (hard), or 5.112 (masochism), which most people take in their first term at MIT. There is an advanced standing exam, but dont even bother unless you did, like, the international chemistry olympiad or something. I know somebody who got an 800 on 8 different SATII subject tests and still did not pass it. Even if you were a stellar AP Chem student, 5.112 will cover everything you learned in two weeks, then derive the Schrodinger Equation from first principles and plunge you headfirst into a bathtub full of quantum and inorganic chemistry from which there is no escape. Seriously, 5.112 is a fantastic class to take if youre interested in chemistry at all. And if youre not, you can always take 3.091, which is chemistry for people who dont want to take chemistry anymore. Math: This is a challenging one. My first semester I qualified for entrance into seven separate calculus classes. I think they have since trimmed out a few of those. Awww, here goes. A 4 or a 5 on Calc BC gets you credit for 18.01: Single-Variable. From here, you could take one of three flavors of 18.02x: Multivariable, or you could take the ultra-rigorous 18.014 for math majors. YOU DONT NEED TO TAKE IT IF YOU ARE NOT A MATH MAJOR. A 4 or a 5 on Calc AB, or on the AB subscore of BC, gets you into 18.01A/18.02A. You spend half a term reviewing Single-Variable, half a term learning Multivariable, and get the remainder of multivariable in IAP. Basically, no matter which of the above five classes you take your first term, you will probably end up in 18.03: Differential Equations your second term at MIT with 700 other people. You can even pull a Laura and take 18.01 your first term, then 18.02 and 18.03 together your second term. The only limit is yourself. Also, if you happened to go to one of those crazy people schools with 18.03: Differential Equations or 18.06: Linear Algebra in the curriculum, you can get credit for that, too. I believe that if you do it before entering your first semester, you just have to take an advanced standing exam when you get to MIT. However, if you wait until IAP to test out of it, you have to do all the problem sets for the class on your own time and then take the advanced standing exam. Yep, its as much fun as it sounds. As for AP Statistics, yeah, that was a nice waste of $76 on my part. Computer Science: Nope. Sorry, Chester. Communications Requirement: Okay, the humanities program and communication requirements here are more complicated than quantum mechanics. So, there are certain introductory classes designated as CI-HW that you have to take in order to prove that youre good at writing. However, you dont have to take one if you get a passing score on the Freshman Essay Evaluation, given over the summer, or if you got a 5 on AP English Literature or AP English Language. Theres more communications requirement stuff, but you will figure that out once you get here. And then you can tell me, because I still only have a cursory grasp of it after three years. Humanities: If you get a 5 on basically any humanities-oriented test except for Studio Art, you get 9 units of general elective credit, which are pretty much only useful for hitting that magic 270-unit mark necessary for the double major that you no doubt want to pursue coming in to MIT. However, dont forget that Mollie took 18.01 her first term and came in with 27 units of AP credit, and she is now a published researcher and illustrious MITblogger who completed two majors in four years and is now going into Harvards PhD program next year. So you could be like her if you want to. I know I do. Whew, that was a workout!

The War Of A War - 1468 Words

War occurs almost everywhere in the world and can be seen as a means of symbolism and patriotism. The Revolutionary War was fought in order to gain independence. That was the meaning behind that war. However, why do societies go to war, other than to fight for independence? Ever since the beginning of time war has been used as a means to invade another country and rid them of their resources. Whether it’s a war or just invasion, it is still a means of bombarding a country or society without any rights. Regardless of the invasion and the reason being, the people of the country being invaded are affected and so are the veterans invading the country. Most people tend to ignore the internal struggles veterans face post war. The civilians of a war zoned country are also majorly affected in ways many people fail to see because of the lack of media coverage. Most veterans returning from a war struggle from post traumatic stress disorder, individuals in societies are blind to the fact that these people are mentally unstable because of the experience they go through. Most people will salute a veteran because in America it is proper to respect those who served the country. These people aren’t aware that some of these individuals might not want to be reminded of their actions and some of them might not be entirely proud of what they did at war. The civilians are also very much ignored because no one cares about the amount of innocent lives taken every day. The negative impact warShow MoreRelatedWar : War And War988 Words   |  4 PagesWar is what happens when multiple parties do not agree on a common objective or when opposing parties want to create conflict between each other. In war, I feel like the bad has always and will always outweigh the good. People die, get injured, or come back home mentally unstable; sometimes they do not even have a home to come back to. As long as I can remember, there has been war. I would hear people talking about war, going to war, and watching videos on the television about war. War is everywhereRead MoreThe War Of War And War1095 Words   |  5 PagesImagine the year is 1939 and you hear war is waging throughout Europe. Now imagine being called off to war because the United States decides to join the war effort. Everyone else signed up and those who weren’t were drafted. Now picture being on the front line. Bombs flashing and exploding around you while bullets fly right past your head as you try to take out the enemy. Suddenly everything turns black and you find you cannot wake up from this comatose sleep. Your mother and father are devastatedRead MoreThe War Of The Vietnam War1155 Words   |  5 PagesVietnam War cost many Americans their lives in the 60s and 70s. Many were drafted into the war by choice and others selectively chosen to join to help America. The contributions made had a major impact on the American side of the Vietnam War. Though many contributions were made none stand out any more than others. It is sometimes said there is always a hero in the war who helped the victory. Wars, however, do not have war heroes because a hero is making an undeniable contribution to the war and affectsRead MoreThe War Of The Vietnam War1379 Words   |  6 Pagestensions over the Vietnam war caused many americans to become divided on the actions taken by the government across seas. Americans questioned whether the government could be trusted. The feeling of betrayal and government secrecy created the â€Å"Credibility Gap,† in which many americans believed that the government no longer was for the people, but for anything else that would benefit the government. The Vietnam War exacerbated the gap between the pro-war traditionalists and anti-war liberals along withRead MoreThe War Of The Revolutionary War1038 Words   |  5 Pagesat Yorktown, the revolutionary war was over, and the United States began the arduous task of rebuilding an economy held back by colonia lism and destroyed by war. From the 1780s up until the 1810s, the economy was slowly growing and diversifying, the War of 1812 halted much of those advanced. The war ruined the United States economy once again, but it allowed it to grow and develop to new heights and become stronger than before the war. After the revolutionary war, the United States began the arduousRead MoreThe War Of The Great War Essay973 Words   |  4 Pages World War â…   was such a significant war in history, that contributed to many changes to the world today. From 1914 to 1918 the â€Å"Great War† was being fought between the central and allied forces. The trench warfare during the rough years provided a stalemate, a situation in which no progress can be made or no advancement is possible. So, as a result the allied forces made a peace treaty to finally end the prolonged bloodshed. After five long years of nations constantly fighting, the allied forcesRead MoreThe War Of The Vietnam War877 Words   |  4 PagesAnother big difference in this war was that the Vietnam War was had more disapproval and was more expressive within the American public, unlike the Korean War. The ANITWAR MOVEMENT started in the 1960s this group was never enacted until this era. There was not a group like this in Vietnam, but there were many groups that opposed the war. The main object of these revolts was the American military presence in Indochina. The ANITWAR MOVEMENT caused an influence not only socially, but also in the realmRead MoreThe War Of The Vietnam War1204 Words   |  5 Pagesloyalty to our employers. Its why marriage and children scare us†¦ When that is the way you are, how do you conduct your life?† The Vietnam War killed over fifty eight thousand Americans and over 61% of the men killed were 21 years or younger. Most Americans are conflicted with the fact whether the Anti War Movement played a factor in prolonging the Vietnamese War. â€Å"In every story there are two sides and in between lies the truth.† Anonymous The United States become involved in Vietnam after theRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War Essay1525 Words   |  7 PagesOne major war ended and another to begin. The Cold war lasted about 45 years. There were no direct military campaigns between the United States and Soviet Union. However, billions of dollars and millions of lives were lost. The United States emerged as the greatest power from World War 2. (Give Me Liberty 896) The country boasted about having the most powerful navy and air force. The United states accounted for about half of the world’s manufacturing capacity, which it alone created the atomic bombRead MoreThe War Of The Vietnam War1729 Words   |  7 PagesCommunists and Non-Communists raged on, America attempted to do everything in its power to stop the spread of communism all around the world. This is what lead to the gruesome war that lasted over a decade in Vietnam. A great deal of social changed happened all over the world, but particularly in Ameri ca as the Vietnam War dragged on. As people became more aware of the atrocities going on in Southeast Asia, the endless domestic support turned into widespread explosive protest. During the first few

Siddhartha the Life of a Prophet Essay - 1376 Words

Buddhism was brought to light about 500 BC by Siddhartha Gautama. Buddhism has not been described as a religion as such but rather as philosophy. The story of Siddhartha Gautama and how he brought Buddhism to limelight is quite moving. In this essay the thoughts of Siddhartha Gautama are explained and how the society reacted to his arguments. Generally this essay will briefly describe the achievements of Siddhartha Gautama in his quest to attain enlightenment and how that impacted the society of his time and to some extent the current society. It is reported that Buddha was born in 563 B.C.E. It is also reported that Buddha was born with an ability to walk and talk; he walked about and cried, â€Å"I am supreme in the world. This is my last†¦show more content†¦He is said to have fasted for six years trying to understand the why suffering existed. It is recorded that he deprived his body so much that he could have easily died; He held his breath until his head roared, ate little food-and what he did eat was sickening-endured painful body positions for lengthy periods, became entrusted with filth, and lost weight until his bones protruded and he could feel his bones protruded and he could feel his spine by pressing on his abdomen. (Warren 107) It is said that he underwent such extreme measures that at one moment he almost died had Siddhartha not have come by and given him some food. It is said that the food he was given helped him to â€Å"regain the strength necessary to return to life† (Warren 107). Having risked death and not attained enlightenment Siddhartha decided to pick a different approach towards enlightenment. Moving away from the path of rigid asceticism, he engaged in meditation that had less bodily harm and succeeded in attaining enlightenment to become Buddha. Siddhartha’s experience of being enlightened has been described as thus: His mind cleansed and concentrated, Siddhartha remembered his former existence-his names, roles in life, and sufferings. Early in the in the night he found knowledge dispelling ignorance. Concentrating his powerful vision on the order of beings coming into existence and passing away, he interpreted the process in terms of their karma. In a third exploration, during the third watch, heShow MoreRelatedSpeical Spiritual Leaders Essay examples625 Words   |  3 Pagessuch as mass and salat, respectively; but these are two very unique rituals. In the same way, religious leaders among religions can vary. Religious leaders are one of the fundamental elements of religions today; however, through the lives of Jesus, Siddhartha Gautama, and Muhammad one can see the differences among these famous religious leaders. For Christians, Jesus Christ is the most famous religious figure. Jesus was born around 4 BC and died around the age of thirty-three. Jesus did not start preachingRead MoreThe Teachings Of Muhammad, Siddhartha Gautama ( The Buddha ), And Jesus1034 Words   |  5 PagesMuhammad, Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha), and Jesus Christ were extremely influential leaders and were all the keys to establishing three of the major religions today; Islam, Buddhism and Christianity. These religions are currently the largest religions in the world and influence billions of people every day. All three of these men have shaped the course of history and redefined the destiny of mankind. They all lived very interesting lives and preached different lessons to their followers. I wouldRead MoreThe Origins And Central Beliefs Of Islam1735 Words   |  7 Pagesgrowing religion and the second largest in the world. Muslims make up 23% of the world’s population. Islam teaches that Allah is peaceful, al l-minded, and unique, and he has guided mankind through the Quran and and natural signs, along with a line of prophets sealed by Muhammad. The Quran, viewed by Muslims as the verberation of Allah, and the teachings of Muhammad. The origins of Islam can be traced back to 7th century Saudi Arabia. Islam is thus the youngest of great world religions. Muhammad introducedRead MoreThe Buddha, The Dharma, And The Sangha873 Words   |  4 Pagesreincarnation was named Siddhartha in Nepal around 600 B.C.E. He was a human who transcended to a state of enlightenment, understanding and practicing the three elements of Buddhism. Unlike the main figure in many other world religions, Buddha did not deem himself God or a prophet, but just a regular man who learned the teachings of nonviolence, inner peace, and balance. Siddhartha was born as a prince and lived a lavish life growing up. However he eventually realized that his life would not be fulfilledRead MoreChristianity, Islam, And Buddhism1474 Words   |  6 Pagesfollowers. It is a monotheistic faith based on revelations received by the Prophet Muhammad. Prophet Muhammad was born in 570 C.E to a merchant family in Mecca. His father died before he was born and his mo ther died when the he was six. As Muhammad gets older he lives the life of a prosperous merchant. But from time to time he withdrew into the mountains to meditate and pray. In 610 C.E he had a revelation that changed his life; and changed world history. According to Islamic tradition, the archangelRead MoreContributions of Modern Society1098 Words   |  5 Pagescontribute our lives in modern society. As I look around at several buildings I know that I don’t see the gargoyles but looking at some of the Catholic churches and some of the other buildings that are well structured. Muhammad, considered the dominant prophet and founder of Islam, born in 570 A.D. forced to get a job to take care of himself at an early age. He was a driver and married his boss at the age of 25, to Khadija, by which he had only four daughters. The right word Islam means submission. TheRead MoreThe Three Major Religions Of The World1465 Words   |  6 Pageswere trying to convey a message about Jesus, about his significance to the audience and thus we have to think of them as a kind of preaching, as well as storytelling. This is similar to the Hadith in the Islamic faith which are the recordings of the Prophet Mohammed in what he said, thought and did. It is revered and received as a major source of religious law and moral guidance, second only to the authority of the Koran, the holy book of Islam. It can be defined as the biography of Muhammad perpetuatedRead MorePartition Of Indi The Indian Of Indian Subcontinent1386 Words   |  6 Pagesmoved in the Indus River Valley of India around 1500 B.C. A famous piece of literature left by them is called the Vedas. In their language, â€Å"Aryan† meant â€Å"the nobles.† †¢ Vedas: A sacred literature left by the Aryans that displayed an idea of Aryan life. It’s comprised of four collections of prayers, magical spells, and instructions for performing rituals. The Big Veda, the most important part of the collections, contains 1,028 hymns to Aryan gods. In the beginning, the Vedas was passed orally fromRead MoreThe Religion Of Islam And Islam1544 Words   |  7 Pagesand means of salvation, but all three share their faith and a founder who illuminates their lives. Buddhism, for example, focuses on the life and teachings of Gautama Siddhartha. The origin of this religion spread in Nepal, India. Siddhartha or the Buddha found enlightenment under a tree, since then, he extended his wisdom and taught the Four Noble Truths, as life is suffering, desires causes suffering, end suffering by eliminating all desires, and following the Eightfold Path (Smith, 1991, P. 99)Read MoreAnalysis Of The Hero 1873 Words   |  8 PagesName: Siddhartha Gender: Male Caste: raised in the highest class of Hindu society Role in the story: the hero personality/morality: Born in India (presumably during the late nineteenth century), Siddhartha grew up in a middle-class home under the care of his parents and under the teaching of the Brahmins. His early years are spent learning to meditate and speak the Om. In his village a group of semanas past through. From this day Siddhartha left his family and became one of the poor, misunderstood

Pain Control During Infant Circumcision Free Essays

Pain Control During Infant Circumcision Circumcision is a painful surgical procedure frequently performed on newborn baby boys and often without available pain relief measures being used. The procedure, especially without pain relief, can cause short-term effects such as choking, gagging, and vomiting. Long term effects of circumcision without pain relief are not well understood, however, an increased incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and/or periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) has been associated with pain and stress in the neonate (Leef, 2006). We will write a custom essay sample on Pain Control During Infant Circumcision or any similar topic only for you Order Now Crying time, facial expression, and sweating palms can indicate infant pain, as can increased heart rate, breathing rate, and blood pressure. Although these behavioral and physiological changes are present at other times, the infant usually displays them during a circumcision that is not accompanied with effective pain relief. This paper reviews various pain relief methods and current residency training practices regarding the use of analgesia during the circumcision procedure. Available treatments are used with the three most common circumcision surgical techniques: the Morgen clamp, the Gomco clamp, and the Plastibell method. Recent research suggests that the Morgen clamp is associated with a less painful procedure when compared with the other two (Leef, 2006; Yawman et al. , 2006). Preferred by trainees, the Morgen clamp is also faster to use than the Plastibell (Yawman et al. , 2006) and include local and topical pain relief methods, oral sucrose and oral acetaminophen. Dorsal penile nerve block (DPNB), which involves injecting anesthetic at the base of the penis, and subcutaneous ring block are the two most commonly used local anesthetics. Topically applied anesthetic creams include EMLA, a water-based cream that includes lidocaine and prilocaine. Although DPNB, ring block, and EMLA do not eliminate circumcision pain, all three are more effective than placebo or no treatment (Leef, 2006; Yawman et al. , 2006). Compared head to head, DPNB is substantially more effective than EMLA cream (Leef, 2006). However, DPNB can cause minor bruising, bleeding, or swelling at the injection site and EMLA can cause skin color changes or local skin irritation (Leef, 2006). When used alone during the entire surgical procedure, oral agents, such as sucrose and acetaminophen, have not been shown to be as effective when compared with either EMLA or DPNB (Leef, 2006). However, in 1998, Herschel et al. (as cited in Leef, 2006) found that when sucrose was compared with DPNB during â€Å"the initial time intervals of circumcision (surgical preparation, lateral clamping, lysis of adhesions) and the final period (excision of the foreskin and application of a dressing)† there was no significant difference in heart rate which suggests that sucrose is as effective as DPNB during these periods (Leef, 2006, p. 77). In 1991, Blass and Hoffmeyer (as cited in Leef, 2006) found that babies cried less often when given a sucrose-dipped pacifier compared to a water-dipped pacifier or no intervention when undergoing the procedure. Given these results, one can conclude that combining oral sucrose with DPNB would provide optimum pain relief. Since 1999, the American Aca demy of Family Physicians, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, and the American Academy of Pediatrics have all recommended the universal use of local or topical anesthetics during neonatal circumcision (Yawman et al. 2006). In order to find out if there has been an increase in residency programs that teach effective forms of analgesia for newborn circumcision since previous data collection in 1998, Yawman et al. (2006) conducted a survey of US residency programs in family practice (FP), pediatrics (PED), and obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN) in April, 2003 (N=940). The results showed that only 82% taught newborn circumcision and that FP residents (95%) were more likely to be taught the procedure than either PED (49%) or OB/GYN (86%) residents. These findings were not significantly different from the 1998 study. Ninety-seven percent of the programs that taught newborn circumcision also taught effective anesthetic techniques. This is a 26% increase compared with the previous study (71%). However, only 84% of the responding programs reported that a topical or local agent was always or at least frequently used. There was a statistically significant difference among residency programs, which showed that 93% of PED, 86% of FP and 76% of OB/GYN programs frequently or always used analgesia. The previous study did not gather this data so a comparative analysis could not be performed (Yawman et al. , 2006). There are several limitations to the Yawman et al. (2006) study. The survey relies on accurate reporting by respondents who may overestimate the frequency of how often effective pain management is taught. In addition, the respondents gave their personal opinion, which reflected on the practices of a whole department of which they may not be fully informed. The respondents completing the survey likely differed from the individuals who responded in the 1998 survey. Last, the study only surveyed teaching hospitals and may not reflect the practices of other community hospitals In spite of these limitations, the results showed that 16% of the residency programs do not always or at least frequently use analgesic agents during the surgical circumcision procedure. Based upon the overwhelming evidence of the safety and benefit to newborns of effective analgesia during circumcision this particular statistic of the Yawman et al (2006) study is both surprising and bothersome. This implies that although the teaching of effective analgesic techniques during circumcision has increased over the years, implementation of these practices is not yet universal. Furthermore, physicians that were trained in programs that did not teach the use of analgesics for circumcision, as was the case for the majority of programs just 15-20 years ago, are not likely to use pain management in their current practice. Therefore, the actual number of infants needlessly subjected to the surgical procedure without effective analgesia use is currently unknown. Further research, which attempts to quantify this number, is needed. The results may be alarming enough to create a standard policy in all hospitals, which states that effective pain management is required for all newborn circumcisions. References Leef, K. H. (2006). Evidence-based review of oral sucrose administration to decrease the pain response in newborn infants. Neonatal Network, 25, 275-284. Yawman, D. Howard, C. R. , Auinger, P. , Garfunkel, L. C. , Allan, M. , Weitzman, M. (2006). Pain relief for neonatal circumcision: a follow-up of residency training practices. Ambulatory Pediatrics, 6, 210-214. How to cite Pain Control During Infant Circumcision, Papers

The poem Extenuating Circumstances Essay Example

The poem Extenuating Circumstances Essay Krogs use of imagery throughout this poem conveys her message with emphasis. For example, when she mentions how every word stubbornly (1) tilts into writing, the personification there could be interpreted to say that her writing has a mind of its own and how they dont want to be only a piece of writing but more. She also refers to how it leaks (4) strangely. The connotation implied by the word leaks is negative, because when something is leaking, the substance leaking is not wanted to be dripping out. This could be interpreted to mean that she has almost full control over what she writes but she cannot control everything. In addition, when the speaker expresses how writing brings mildness afterwards (11) it shows the speakers appreciation for writing as she has done before, it could be interpreted as once she has expressed herself she feels relieved after. . A striking feature of imagery in the poem is when the speaker refers to her family being beheaded (15), the use of a single word line in the middle of the longest stanza of the poem provides the mild shock of a family without heads. We will write a custom essay sample on The poem Extenuating Circumstances specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The poem Extenuating Circumstances specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The poem Extenuating Circumstances specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The lines leading up to this line gradually get smaller creating emphasis on piece of imagery. All of these striking examples of imagery convey her message of the power of writing, how it can have a mind of its own, how it can help express oneself. The overall effect this has on the poem is to evoke appreciation for writing, but also note that it can be uncontrollable. The most prominent sound features used in this poem are literary devices such as alliteration, sibilance, plosives and nasals. For example, Krog refers to the aortas of her family reeling and staining (16). The nasal sound implied could be intended to balance out the fricative used in the single word line before, beheaded (15), therefore contributing to the undulating tone of the poem. The sibilance used in the next line (through the spittlesoft sounds) reinforces the sound imagery given through the meaning of the words. In addition, when the speaker refers to the blubbering blood swabs (18), through the use of alliteration and plosives, it emphasizes the gruesome imagery. The effect of the sounds would be to enhance the meanings of the words hence create an ominous atmosphere. In conclusion, the impact of the whole poem is quite significant in that it makes the reader see the power of writing. The theme of power of writing is a distinctive feature of Krogs style and can be seen in her other work such as Nightmare of A Samuel Born Krog. The poets purpose is thoroughly achieved through the more striking literary features such as the imagery, language and the sound. In my personal opinion, the poem is beautifully written although the imagery of the beheading didnt come as much of a surprise because it is a characteristic of Krogs style to challenge the modern reader with ideas that no one would want to talk about. This could be seen in the vulgarity of Salad or in the questioning of whether she belongs in Africa in How Long, but overall a very well written poem.

Educational Games for Children to Play Essay Example

Educational Games for Children to Play Essay Example Educational Games for Children to Play Essay Educational Games for Children to Play Essay Education and the process of learning is something that begins at home for children. Parents naturally want their children to do well in school, but this desire often clashes with other adult priorities (parents also want their children to be active and learn new hobbies), not to mention the children’s own to-do lists. There’s only so long a youngster is willing to do homework or read, before wanting to run off and do something a bit more fun. Not to worry! Here are some ideas for taking education out of a formal setting and making it enjoyable, through the medium of play. These are games for kids with an element of simple learning. Even better, your child won’t be sitting in front of a computer screen with these fun activities. Mathematics Games A fun mathematical challenge to play outside in the park would be to create a â€Å"fraction wall† using sticks. The first row of the wall is a whole stick, the row below it must be exactly the same length†¦but be composed of 2 sticks, the row below is composed of 3 sticks, etc. This game can be done in teams – perhaps racing to construct the best fraction wall in the fastest time. This can help children to visualise what fractions such as 1/2 or 2/3s look like. There are also a lot of mathematically-themed board or card games available for children of all ages. Some revolve around multiplication, others around addition. The advantage of sitting down at the kitchen table to play a maths game rather than hunting for online ones is that in addition to maths, your child will be learning important lessons about teamwork and social interaction. Language Games â€Å"Jumping Bean Phonics† is ideal for children just beginning school who are still learning the basics of reading and writing. This game can be played in small groups indoors. A number of simple, but common word endings (for example –ot, –og, –at) are written onto sheets of paper and laid out over the floor. The adult supervising the game has a set of cards each with a letter (for example h–, c–, l–). Each child gets a turn at being the â€Å"jumping bean†: when they are told their first letter they have to form as many correct words as they can in a given amount of time by jumping onto the particular ending card. So, if they were given the letter ‘m’, they could jump onto ‘–at’ to make ‘mat’; but jumping onto ‘–og’ wouldn’t count, because ‘mog’ isn’t a proper English word. At the end of the game, whoever has formed the most words in their allotted time wins. Science Games There are a lot of safe, easy experiments that children can perform at home which showcase the wonders of science and give them the opportunity to learn something interesting. One such challenge might be designing a parachute that lowers an object safely to the ground. But budding biologists can learn a lot about types of plants just by playing in their local park. Treasure hunt clues might guide a child around a natural space by identifying species of tree, or part of the challenge could be bringing back leaves from a particular plant in a certain amount of time. Education and knowledge aren’t just something that’s confined to the classroom or that has to be taught in a dull way. A passion for learning can be instilled just as effectively at home through games, playing outdoors, and having lots of fun.

The Meanings of Myth and Related Words

The Meanings of Myth and Related Words The Meanings of â€Å"Myth† and Related Words The Meanings of â€Å"Myth† and Related Words By Mark Nichol Myth, originally a word of elevated and scholarly pretension, has passed into the vernacular to describe anything of dubious truth or validity, though it retains earlier senses. This post lists definitions of the word and others of which it is the root. The word derives from the Greek term mythos, which variously means â€Å"speech† or â€Å"story,† or even â€Å"thought.† In modern English usage, a myth is a story, often featuring heroes and deities or supernatural entities, that explains a belief, custom, phenomenon, or worldview; it is also a synonym for allegory or parable. By extension, a myth is a belief or tradition, often one integral to a society, or an invalid notion born of ignorance or bigotry, or simply a rumor or untrue story. (Myth, without the article, denotes a body of myths.) An urban myth, meanwhile, is an account of an unusual or inexplicable event that did not occur, or state that does not exist, that is widely assumed to be true. The primary adjectival form is mythical; it is also used in the sense of â€Å"imaginary,† but mythic is appropriate for referring to astonishing achievements. Mythology pertains to a set of myths, the study of myths, or an allegory, or to an assumption or belief. A mythologist (or, sometimes, mythologer) is someone who studies myths. Mythos is a synonym for both myth and mythology and denotes a symbolic set of cultural attitudes as well. Mythogenesis is the development of myths or the tendency to ascribe mythical status to something. Mythopoeia, too, refers to the creation of myth. To mythicize is to turn something into, or treat something as, a myth; mythologize also has the latter meaning. Conversely, to demythologize is to analyze the meaning of myths or to unromanticize them. (A countermyth, meanwhile, is a myth that challenges or contradicts another myth.) A mythmaker is someone who creates myths, generally in the casual sense of beliefs or traditions or of reputations about a person, place, or thing. A mythomaniac (or, sometimes, mythomane), meanwhile, is a pathological liar or exaggerator; the condition is called mythomania. An etymologically related word is stichomythia (â€Å"verse speech†), denoting argumentative repartee, especially as a dramatic device in the performing arts. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:When to use "on" and when to use "in"50 Types of PropagandaPhrasal Verbs and Phrasal Nouns

Democratic Peace-International Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Democratic Peace-International Relations - Essay Example Since World War II, realists have sought a balance of power between the US and the USSR as a means of maintaining the peace. Constructivists have sought to socially construct a new political reality based on liberal values, trade, and international organizations. In a world with weak international organizations, such as the United Nations, the world is left to anarchy. Veto power by selected member nations has left the UN as an impotent body to determine the lawful respect for sovereign states. The US War in Iraq is an example where a weakened UN was powerless to stop a unilateral action. According to Brown, "Anarchy alone does not create the insecure, competitive, and war torn world... Social structures and shared knowledge determine whether states are friends or enemies. The fact that social structures are socially constructed does not, however, mean that they can be changed easily" (xxxi). Institutionalists hold some hope for order, but "treat states as rational egoists operating in a world in which agreements cannot be hierarchally enforced, and that institutionalists only expect interstate cooperation to occur if states have significant common interests" (Brown 384). Common interests most often revolve around trade and commerce. Actors do not wish to disrupt trade agreements and lose economic benefits. In the post Cold War period of nuclear availability, realism presents some clear dangers. The break-up of the Soviet Union has left a Europe where nationalism could be problematic in a scenario where a nuclear balance of power exists. Realism, a pessimistic view of human nature, would lead to further tensions in Europe and while it may provide a temporary lull in hostilities, it is incapable of solving the complex social problems of immigration, religious zeal, global health issues, or world environmental problems. Humanitarian intervention has

Special education collaboration, book reflection 2 Coursework

Special education collaboration, book reflection 2 - Coursework Example he particular help and support here is in the concept of how each member of the team can assist one another in achieving the departmental objectives, aims, and the set goals. In this paper am going to write a reflective essay on the events taking place in the story, but choosing a specific one, basing on what we have gotten taught in class. I have settled down to analyze and talk about the fact the author talks of Simon going to his office, in the BullsEye organization, on one of the weekends, Saturday. The main purpose of him walking into the office despite being a non-working day has shown us some levels of accountability towards competence in his job. The aspect of accountability gets further reflected when Simon realizes that John, his junior staff in the department he is heading, had also walked in earlier, to rectify on their wrongly done job. Accountability, as a factor of collaboration, has reflected on the fundamentals of collaboration that need to be kept in place in order o achieve the set group objectives and goals (Friend & Cook, 2010). The situation around this particular event that I have chosen came along as a result of one of the departments of the BullsEye organization, lead by Simon, failed to deliver as expected (Lundin & Nelson, 2010). The overall manager of the team had complained a lot concerning the poor performance of these particular departments despite the other units performing well above their targets set for them. The failure of this particular group to deliver as expected brought some reactions by the top management, and the next action to get taken was to change the head of this failed department. Simon could not believe this and had to spare his weekend time and walk into the office so that he could make some corrections on the faults made by his junior staffs. Upon reaching the room, Simon realized that John was also around to help him make corrections on some of the errors so that they could come up with some quality jobs

Historical Perspectives of Male Nursing

Historical Perspectives of Male Nursing Rachelle Neighbarger Introduction Predominantly, nursing has always been considered as female dominated profession guided by extreme stereotypical perceptions of sexuality. Generally, the nursing profession is marred by wide apparitions of gender imbalance on the perception that nursing has its foundation in the prospects of Florence Nightingale thereby ever since it is often defined as a marginalized profession most suitable and deserving for women. The public at large has the preset perception that men who settle for nursing as their profession do so simply because they were rejected into a medical school and for self actualization purposes. Many at times those men who settle on nursing as their career choice often do so simply because they failed in a particular field and many at times they usually end up quitting their jobs the first few years. This is simply because men in the nursing industry experience a great deal of discrimination and professional barriers that generally inhibit their full specialty that pus hes them to hold onto such a job for long. However, this stereotypical perception does not help in the push for more number of nurses be it male or female who simply get into the profession for purposes of caring for individuals who are ill or need close medical attention on a round the clock basis. Historical Perspective of Male Nursing In the long run, the stereotypical perceptions lead to male nurses being discriminated against where there full working rights are denied on the basis of socially constricted gender roles. Take for instance, situations in the nursing profession where male nurses cannot be promoted to leadership role on the basis of their gender, with regards to varied forms of nursing training which leads to their exclusion in practicing in fields like gynecology or obstetrics. Perhaps it is simply because of their lack of will to practice in these fields or poor networking or rather the basic underlying problem-gender discrimination. The numbers of men enrolling in nursing educational programs is minimal, a majority of those enrolling are the female counterparts; perhaps this trend is conceptualized by the fact that the nursing profession is perceived with a feminine touch to caring (Paterson Saydack, 1996). This paper thus seeks to examine how the man has adapted to the nursing profession, the his torical background of male nursing, the advantages and disadvantages of practicing as a male nurse, infer on the impact of men turning to nursing as a profession and finally juxtapose all the aforementioned details with a slight touch of personal perception of men in the nursing industry. Underpinned in this paper’s discussion of male nursing is a clear cut inference of discrimination in the nursing profession that is guided by gender-based stereotypical connection. Historical Background In the 20th Century specifically during Florence Nightingale’s time, nursing was considered a woman-only occupation were men were strongly vilified and perceived as being incapable of offering any caring services simply because of they had ‘horny’ hands that were considered unfavorable to care offer thus prompting their exclusion from the profession of nursing (Kippenbrock, 2010). Furthermore, males are considered to lack empathy as opposed to their female counterparts who are considered to have varied ways of expressing their feelings thereby easily getting in touch with their patients more easily. In actual sense, there exists documentation that men played the roles of nurses in Egypt dating back to 250 B.C.E; Nightingale professionalizing nursing is what has created the existing dispersed discrepancy where it is mostly defined as a woman profession while on the other hand being greatly marginalized to men. The existence of a marginalized profession has thus pus hed our education system where a majority of those allowed to enroll into school are female and even if a man gets to successfully finish his nursing education, it is a daunting task for them to practice comfortably in the nursing profession simply because of their gender makes them to be discriminated against. On a broader perspective, even if a man successfully gets to be enrolled into a satisfying nursing profession there still exists numerous prohibitions that inhibit their career progress simply because they are channeled into departments that do not help them grow personally. Take for instance the case of the Canadian Forces or rather the avert United States Army which up until 1967 did not give authority for men to sign up into their systems for nursing. Irrespective of the fact that there was constant development in the nursing profession allowing men to practice, legally by 1970 male nurses were still being barred from making rotations in some sections of hospitals. Analysis of literature related to nursing demonstrates that only a minimal number of men practice nursing, a trend that is fuelled by the larger prospect of women and men nursing registries being separated from each other thus closing out some nursing privileges like further education to the male nurses who have the will power to grow in the profession just like their female counterparts. Patients are also not to be left out in the historical description of the nursing profession as being inclined towards the men; most patients have always considered their nurses to being female, a survey c arried out by Bernard Nodes Group demonstrates that a majority of patients irrespective of their age and gender preferred to be attended to by female nurses as opposed to the males whom they found really awkward offering care services to them. Pros and Con of Men Practicing as Nurses Reflections on the introduction and the historical background of male nursing, it is evident that this is a profession muddled with great gender-related discrimination that is inclined to have a feminist touch. With the aforementioned details in mind and after scouring through various peer reviewed articles on male nursing, it was deductible that the cons outweigh the cons when it comes to men taking the turn of choosing nursing as a preferable profession for them. Important to note above all is the fact that when pushed by personal will to go after something, one is usually self-driven into attaining their set goals irrespective of what the general public thinks of their choice; similarly as a man when one is willing to pursue nursing as a career, nothing stops them. Firstly, the nursing profession though gradually evolving has always been guided by the traditional Victorian family ideology where the role of men is to be ‘doctors’ considered as heads of organizations, t he women taking up a latter role of being the handmaiden which is in most cases defined as the nursing role and finally the patient role is played by children who need to be taken care of by doctors and handmaidens. It thus became a tradition that the role of being a nurse was strictly meant for women which in the long run has pushed men away from enrolling into nursing schools. Irrespective of the fact that this model is no longer practiced in the nursing profession, a great deal of nurses is guided by its tenets as evident by the dominance of women in this profession. The fact that there exists extensive barriers in the way of men enrolling into the nursing profession; men usually exhibit varied difficulties before they turn out as clinical nursing professionals. Society’s perception of nursing as a female profession exerts extreme pressure on men who sign up to be nurses; they are expected to perform way better in comparison to their female counterparts. Another issue that is a disadvantage for males enrolling for nursing from an educational setting to a hospital setting, males is generally outnumbered. To an extent it pushes them to a higher level of scrutiny and the education curriculum is inclined to only suit female students. The fact that they are male also in many circumstances dictates that they be given heavy tasks, in other situations, they could also miss out on educational opportunities like scholarships for nurses which in many circumstances are usually meant for female students. Though it is rarely experienced, male nurses are often ridiculed on the basis of their gender and it is an issue that keeps many from pursuing a nursing career; men are scared of being ridiculed for signing up for a female dominated profession. The general public looks down upon men who are nurses which in the long run push the men nurses to be stigmatized and perform their duties with extreme anxiety and in some cases it becomes stressful for them. On the offset, a flip on the other side of the coin demonstrates that men who turn to nursing as their preferred profession have an upper hand when handling medical cases. Patients prefer being handled by a male nurse as they consider they are confident in handling critical situations in which the female counterparts in some instances cannot be handle comfortably (Thetis Roberts, 2008). Men enrolling in nursing school also demonstrate a drive by men to help curb the nationwide shortage of nurses which with regards to World Health Organization data that suggests there has been a drop in nurses between the year 2000 and 2001 (Burth, 2005). Men filling up the deteriorating gap are ideal way which is not only beneficial to governments but also has great salary packages that a great deal of people are willing and greatly looking forward to earning such paychecks. The misguided notion that nursing is meant for women should not deter any male from pursuing their dream of being professional nurses; it should be a stepping stone towards the path of offering care services to the medically ill and needy so that the basic prospect of nursing is attained and generally achieved in the long run. Provision of intimate care for male patients has always been a problem for female nurses, men enrolling as nurses helps cater for such an issue in the medical industry. Personal Statement on Male Nursing Making the decision of becoming a male nurse comes with a great deal of responsibility and the need to be prepared for varied proponents considering that it is a female dominated field. In actual sense, gender is not in any way beneficial to anybody with regards to turn towards offering medical services to patients. Furthermore, women in a working environment tend to be more open to their male counterparts as opposed to their fellow women thereby creating a conducive environment for working where all and sundry can share their experiences thus establishing a working environment where nurses have a broader sense of belonging. With the extensive strides being made in nursing that is aimed to changing the public’s perception of nursing as a female profession, more and more men are continuously turning to be great nurses though in minimal numbers but the change is eminent. Although the nursing fraternity has opened its arms wide open for men, some aspect of the nursing profession are still hostile to male nurses; take an example of a situation involving a mother-baby rotation, the patient in this case-a woman will not be willing for a male nurse attend she will strongly prefer that all her care needs be handled by a female nurse. That aside, the general population of patients has received male nurses attending to them with a warm heart though in the beginning the reception of being attended to by a male nurse is usually a surprised one but later they get warmed up to the general idea. The most important thing when dealing with discrimination against male nurses is attending to the foundational problem of men not being willing enough to sign up for , finding ways of changing this perception by the men themselves is the first step towards transitioning nursing from a female dominated field to one which is accommodative to people of both sexes. Impact of Male Nursing on the Nursing Profession Men play an instrumental role in service provision in the nursing environment with a unique combination of skill set, a fact that has prompted the need for governments to turn into a rigorous exercise of recruiting and accepting men into the nursing profession which retrospectively caters for the problem of a deteriorating workforce. Men turning to nursing as a profession of choice, is good news for the looming nursing scarcity which has been experienced lately; men joining the equation is the most ideal and probable way by which this shortage can be catered for. Demographics relating to nurse numbers have been changing over the years with the acceptance of more men towards the profession: in the late 20th Century male nurse numbers was estimated at around 45,060 but by spin of over two decades down the line the number of male nurses has gradually developed to levels of 568,185 male nurses in the United States (Barkley, 2010). Great steps are being made by nursing organizations that have pushed for recruitment initiatives mainly targeted towards pushing more men to enroll into nursing schools and now currently scholarships targeted to male students are being offered. Consequently, personal appeals are being made to students in an effort to turn their misperception as a career meant only for women. Important in the whole transitioning process from a female dominated profession to a multifaceted one is the fact that the healthcare industry is offering comparatively high wages for nurses coupled up with the ideal of stable employment opportunities. References Barkley, K. (2010). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration . Retrieved 2015 13-January from The Registered Nurse Population: Initial Findings from the 2008 National Sample Survey of Registered Nurses: ,http://bhpr.hrsa.gov/healthworkforce/rnsurveys/rnsurveyinitial2008.pdf. Burth, A. (2005). Gender bias and discrimination in nursing education. Can we change it? Nurse Educator , 64-65. Kippenbrock, S. (2010). School of nursing variables related to male student college choice. Journal of Nursing Education , 118-121. Paterson, T., Saydack, C. (1996). Learning to care: Gender issues for male nursing students. Canadian Journal of Nursing Research , 25-39. Thetis, M. G., Roberts, J. I. (2008). Nursing, Physician Control and Monopoly. Indianapolis: Indiana Univeristy Press.

Metafiction and Happy Endings (Margaret Atwood) Essay

Metafiction A. Definition: The narrator of a metafictional work will call attention to the writing process itself. The reader is never to forget that what she is reading is constructed–not natural, not â€Å"real.† She is never to get â€Å"lost† in the story. B. Possible Contents: intruding to comment on writing involving his or herself with fictional characters directly addressing the reader openly questioning how narrative assumptions and conventions transform and filter reality, trying to ultimately prove that no singular truths or meanings exist C. General Characteristics Metafiction often employs intertextual references and allusions by: examining fictional systems; incorporating aspects of both theory and criticism; creating biographies of imaginary writers; presenting and discussing fictional works of an imaginary character. Authors of metafiction often violate narrative levels by: intruding to comment on writing; involving his or herself with fictional characters; directly addressing the reader; openly questioning how narrative assumptions and conventions transform and filter reality, trying to ultimately prove that no singular truths or meanings exist Metafiction also uses unconventional and experimental techniques by: rejecting conventional plot; refusing to attempt to become â€Å"real life†; subverting conventions to transform reality into a highly suspect concept; flaunting and exaggerating foundations of their instability; displaying reflexivity (the dimension present in all literary texts and also central to all literary analysis, a function which enables the reader to understand the processes by which he or she reads the world as a text). It also poses questions about the relationship between fiction and reality by drawing  attention to its characteristic as an artifact by itself. No sense of reality in its entire spectrum as a genre even though the extremes of each end are minute acceptance and merely exploration of fictionality to the other end being utter denial of reality itself. D. Examples: Adams, Douglas. The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy. 1979. Mitchell, David. Cloud Atlas. 2004. HAPPY ENDINGS A. Characters: The author uses common names for the characters which allows him the versatility of putting them into different situations. Doing so supports the way the author puts much importance on what happens during the story instead of how it ends. John one of the most common boy names, has ranged from musicians (John Lennon), to leaders (John F Kennedy), to philosophers (John Locke) etc. This can emphasize the author’s use of putting the character into different contexts, changing the plot and how he plays different roles, yet emphasizes that it all ends the same (death). -Idea that the ending of a story is always the same, but only the middle matters In the story he is a loving husband, adulterous partner, womanizer Mary meaning of the name Mary is: Wished-for child; rebellion; bitter. Famous Bearers: the Virgin Mary; Mary Magdalene; Mary, Queen of Scots. Also shows how the author putes his characters in different situations. James -minor character Fred – minor character Madge – minor character B. Setting: The author employs the use of place as setting in the story. Various examples of setting seen in the story are an apartment, as seen in story B, and a â€Å"charming house,† as seen in story A, C and As seen in the line, â€Å"Remember, this is Canada. You’ll still end up with A, though in between you may get a lustful brawling saga of passionate involvement, a chronicle of our times, sort of,† the setting of the story and each of its segments is a medium for what each character does before he reaches the end. The setting of the story could have an influence on what one could do before he dies, the end which everyone eventually reaches. This is seen in the story wherein each segment (letters) had different bodies of story, yet everything â€Å"continues as in A† in which the characters live on with their lives then die. D. Concepts: Ex: How do elements in the story help to create meaning? Like: setting, tone, imagery, symbol, irony, etc Metafiction in Happy Endings  The author tackles the â€Å"What?† question in the writing process through his story Happy Endings. He goes through many scenarios but shows us that the conclusion to each scenario is the same. The question â€Å"What?† only leads to the ending of the story which we already know will be the same. The important things to ask rather are â€Å"How?† and â€Å"Why?†. These questions make up the middle of the story, the events that happen, the part that counts. Textual Irony Title is Happy Endings but the real endings are al the same and result in death Conflict Is always changing depending on the situation given. Always has something to with the subject of love. SYMBOLS E. Title â€Å"Happy Endings† Most people usually focus on the ending of a story Everyone wants a happy ending, but in reality we all meet an equal end which is that we eventually die There is no such thing as a happy ending. All are the same in which we all eventually pass away. What matters is what is done as we reach the end. F. Theme What matters the most in the story is not the ending, but what what we do on the way there, because we can change our situations by choosing to act in the present, but not matter what you do you can’t change your inevitable end. —————————————————————————————————————————- RANDOM NOTES Margaret Atwood’s Happy Endings is an illustration of the idea that the ending of a story is always the same, but only the middle matters. And Love plays an important factor in all scenarios. SYNOPSIS: It includes six stories in one, each ending with death. The author believes that this is the only sure ending to anything. The stories are all inter-related, containing the same characters and similar actions. Behind the obvious meaning of these seemingly pointless stories lies a deeper and more profound meaning†¦. What is the common denominator between all these scenarios? In case you missed it, Atwood sums it up in her concluding remarks. ‘John and Mary die. John and Mary die. John and Mary die.’ ‘Happy Endings’ forces us to question the point of life. Every story, carried to its ultimate logical conclusion, has the same ending, because all lives have the same ending. We may die in the heat of battle; we may die in our sleep. We may die in infancy, in a gang war, in a nursing home. But we’re going to die. The story isn’t in the ending — it’s in what we do on the way there. RESOURCES USED http://ronosaurusrex.com/metablog/list-of-metafictional-works/ http://www.geneseo.edu/~johannes/Metafiction.html http://postcolonialstudies.emory.edu/metafiction/#ixzz2e1Z087Wr http://www.storybites.com/book-reviews/happy-endings-by-margaret-atwood.php characters http://www.bookrags.com/studyguide-happyendings/char.html themes http://www.bookrags.com/studyguide-happyendings/themes.html (online copy: http://web.ics.purdue.edu/~rebeccal/lit/238f11/pdfs/HappyEndings_Atwood.pdf )

Taking a Look at Peer Pressure - 634 Words

Peer pressure is the influence of one’s peer group. In our society today peer pressure has become very relevant all around us. A lot of peer pressure occurs in high school and college, where people are just trying to fit in. In the paper, I will talk about how peer pressure affects individuals, examples of peer pressure and In the first article, which is called Relationships between degrees of self-esteem and peer pressure in high school adolescents, it examines the relationship between youths’ self-esteem and peer pressure degrees permitting to their gender and socioeconomic standing. In the study, there was a question they proposed and that was, â€Å"Is there a positive or negative correlation between adolescents’ self-esteem and peer pressure in terms of their gender?† As children become teens and grow older they become less dependent on their family and more dependent on their friends when it comes to making choices of moral and values whether they are big or small. Peer pressure is not always a bad thing. Teens often learn how to interact with each other by doing activities that their peers have done in the past. An example from the article is a socially awkward kid could learn how to fit in with others by discerning and imitating other teenagers. A positive peer group often can boost ones self-esteem if they are accepted in the right way. In the past, it has been stated that adolescents that are exposed to peer pressure are mostly males. To answer the question above, inShow MoreRelatedTaking a Look at Peer Pressure761 Words   |  3 Pages Peer pressure. No one can hear those two words and not feel bad in some way. Peer pressure happens in every school. Teens are being torn down by other teens. It is not okay to hurt anyone no matter what. Every year some kid runs away from home probable because of being peer pressured, peer pressure must be dealt with some way or another. If putting up laws helps get rid of peer pressure its worth it. Teen peer pressure has become a big problem in schools, and teens should be required to go aRead MorePeer Presure at School794 Words   |  3 PagesPeer Pressure at School Every human being has an inner feeling of wanting to belong somewhere. Even belonging to one’s family is not enough. Individual will strive to belong to a wider group existing within his or her environment. Consequently, this exposes one to peer pressure. Peer pressure is the influence exerted on an individual by a person or a group to do something or act in a manner that he or she would otherwise not consider doing on his or her own. It has traditionally been associated withRead MoreAnalyzing Online For Issues About Body Image1441 Words   |  6 Pagestelevision shows, movies, and advertisements. Because of this, it leads to low self-esteem, peer pressure, and over exercising among young men. Low self-esteem can be caused by having the feeling of being inferior to everyone and always having the mindset that you can’t do it. Of course when a young man has a low self-esteem, this makes him vulnerable for peer pressure and to be influenced by others. When one is being pe er pressured by those that have a tendency to exercise a lot, this can lead him to startRead MoreThe Problem Of Peer Pressure953 Words   |  4 PagesOf course everyone is different, but most teenagers deal with the same problems. Peer pressure, beauty, responsibility, and the future, are common for a teenager of all ages to face. These â€Å"problems† do not always have to be problems, most of the time they are out of worry. Friends play an important role in life, peer pressure is being influenced, but is not always by a friend. When thinking about peer pressure drugs and alcohol come to mind. Most teenagers try drugs or alcohol out of fear.Read MorePeer Pressure Speech1520 Words   |  7 Pagesreally leading? There are two kinds of peer pressure. The Positive kind, and the Negative kind. The positive kind of peer pressure is, being pressured or convinced to do a certain task that you may not have had the confidence to complete or to do yourself. Another kind of positive peer pressure is when friends convince you not to do something that may not have been in your best interest. Negative peer pressure is just what it sounds like—It is when Peers try to make you think that they know whatRead MoreShould I Drink This Beer? Essay1650 Words   |  7 Pageshigh school years. Peer pressure can change the answer to those three simple question in both a negative or positive way. Peer pressure is when a group of your peers is trying to influence you to do something in either a good or bad way. Peer pressure can be shown in many different types of situations such as when drugs and alcohol come into an adolescent s life, worrying about their body image, and teenage sex, as well as dealing with bullying, and depression. Peer pressure shows up the most whenRead MoreA Brief Note On Peer Pressure Among Adolescents1527 Words   |  7 PagesTitle: Social Pressure in Those Who Are Different Peer pressure is exerted on an individual or individuals by their peer to conform to expected norms. The peer pressure philosophically can split into two groups Direct and Indirect. Direct implies the peer pressure influence can be either physically or verbally communicative such as asking to participate in an activity which is illegal. Indirect specify it is discrete, including more emotional and mental pressures; such as putting the individualRead MoreThe Effect Of Peer Pressure On Teens And Schools Essay1711 Words   |  7 Pages Peer pressure in society today has a negative effect on teens and schools should implement programs to help teens battle with peer pressure. Nowadays Peer pressure is a major problem in the lives of teens. These problems not only occur in school, but also outside of schools. If schools decide to implement programs teaching teenagers how to successfully battle peer pressure, a lot of decision-making for teens would be different. Not only in educational programs but in their everyday lives asRead MoreThe Effects Of Peer Pressure On Teens Essay1408 Words   |  6 PagesDo People Have the Natural Tendency to Fit In? Peer pressure not only influences teens, but everyone to make decisions for the better or worse. Everyone experiences peer pressure whether they give into it or not. There are two kinds of peer pressure: there is good peer pressure and bad peer pressure. Giving into peer pressure is all up to the victim and how strong their beliefs are. Some people feel that peer pressure can be avoided but peer pressure is everywhere and can affect many people whetherRead MoreAnalysis Of Tweens : Ten Going On Sixteen1172 Words   |  5 Pagespreadolescence. According to Hymowitz, the evidence presents a troubling picture of tweens who are too concerned with their looks, are involved in criminal activities, are having sex, are doing drugs, and are consuming alcohol. She provides evidence to exemplify tweendom’s negative influence on both the tweens and the world around them. The author concludes that media, absentee parents, and peers are among the several complex causes of the negative tre nds of tweens. Although Hymowitz may sound excessively cynical

Human Rights During The War On Terror Essay - 2318 Words

INTP 245 – Research Essay What role do Human Rights play in the war on terror? How has this affected the foreign policy of the United States of America when combating this war? When looking internationally over the past decade there has been an emergence of vague definable terms that act as holistic guidelines for how international order should be constructed. One of these terms is â€Å"human rights† which acts as a set of overarching guidelines that all States should aim for and achieve. States have incorporated the ideals of human rights into their foreign policies in various ways especially in the area of war and conflict. This essay will focus on what role human rights play in the war on terror and how the human rights discourse has affected the United States of America’s (USA) foreign policy on the war on terror. This ultimately illustrates that the Western construct of human rights is an invaluable policy tool as a mandate to interfere in other states affairs and USA have continually utilised it as such a tool. The concept of human rights has become ambiguous, with very little agreement regarding its meaning and application internationally. The concept of human rights could be deemed as what Gallie termed as â€Å"an essentially contested concept.† This argues that when it comes to certain concepts there is just simply no one clearly definable general use that is widely agreed on. There are a variety of elements and words that can be used to describe the concepts of humanShow MoreRelatedTerrorism Has Been Used For Centuries As A Weapon Of Change1074 Words   |  5 Pagesis argued that these were not a form of terrorism but of war. Much of terrorism in the last few decades has been motivated more by ideological and religious views than political, that is not to say that they are not also attempting to force political change as well. The definition of terrorism has shifted further and further from the connotation of the word and become a much broader definition. Terrorism began as a way to use fear, terror, to control people and their actions and continues to carryRead MoreCurrent Crimes and Criminal Issues925 Words   |  4 Pagesrange from illegal immigration, cybercrimes, terror, racism and terrorism. The war on terror in the aftermath of the attacks of Sep. 11, 2001 has undermined human rights globally, according to activists and experts who when the UN conference in Paris. Immediately after Sep. 11 2001 there was dramatic change in government policies in regard to terrorism, suspected terrorism, and the monitoring of citizens, with the underlying believe that human rights norms as established in conventions and treatiesRead MoreThe Downfall Of The French Social Structure And Civilisation1636 Words   |  7 Pagesby the Jacobin party, who through the enforcement of the Terror policy were able to justify the execution of an estimated 40,000 people including the Royal family, for the sake of protecting the revolution and liberty for France. However, the plausibility of the reasoning s behind the Terror can be questioned as documents such as The Declaration of Rights of Man speak out against each process of justice implemented during the terror. With the formation of the national assembly began theRead MoreThe Right Of Habeas Corpus1531 Words   |  7 Pages The war on terror seems to be a never ending story, especially with the current events such as the beheading of two Americans by the terrorist group ISIS. These are barbaric people,whom have no regards for human life, and they need to be stopped.Which brings me to the issue of habeas corpus, and the rights or civil liberties of detainees who have been deemed enemy combatants. To understand the right of habeas corpus in the context of the war on terror, you must first understand the historical evolutionRead MoreDbq on the Usefulness of Torture1072 Words   |  5 PagesThe War on Terror has produced several different viewpoints on the utilization of torture and its effectiveness as a means to elicit information. A main argument has been supplied that torture is ineffective in its purpose to gather information from the victim. The usefulness of torture has been questioned because prisoners might use false information to elude their torturers, which has occurred in previous cases of torture. It has also been supposed that torture is necessary in order to use theRead MoreSpencer Hogue. February 27, 2017. Instructor: Mrs. Nutter.1584 Words   |  7 PagesSpencer Hogue February 27, 2017 Instructor: Mrs. Nutter English 121 The War on Terror Through the Lens of Guantanamo Bay You wake up in a dimly-lit room laying down, your back flat on a cold table, facing unfamiliar men standing over you. You attempt to move, but your arms and legs are strapped down leaving you completely defenseless. Panicking, you begin to scream, but your screams are cut short as a wet cloth is laid over your face. You feel water being poured over the cloth and you begin choking;Read MoreOppression Is The Driving Force Behind The Violence1376 Words   |  6 PagesOppression is the driving force behind the violence in Israel. It is based on a land dispute that led to oppression and now the violence seen today. Israel is plagued with a cycle of violence and fear. There are many factors behind the climate of terror that is taking place in Israel, but none as significant as oppression. The establishment of Israel by Jews led to many changes for Palestinian Arabs, who were already living in the area. Many of these changes were oppressive and intrusive to the PalestinianRead MoreThe T orture of Terrorists Violates the Bill of Rights Essay1196 Words   |  5 PagesThe Founding Fathers demanded that the Bill of Rights be added to the Constitution, immediately after the federal government was created. They did this because they were aware that a federal government could end up arresting, imprisoning, torturing, and killing people for trumped up reasons (ABC News). They did this to maintain freedom and ensure that all individuals were treated equally by preventing a future, tyrannical regime. What they feared would happen, is happening today and the principlesRead MoreThe Declaration Of The Rights Of Man And The Citizen On The 26 August 17891617 Words   |  7 Pagesto contain the flames out of this came the creation of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen on the 26 August 1789 by the National Assembly, composed of those from the Third Estate. This declaration was heavily influenced by the American Revolution and Thomas Jefferson, who one of the founding fathers and a principal author of the Declaration of Independence in 1776. It was all about man’s ‘natural right’ at any time and pertaining to any individual, no matter where they were in theRead MoreThe War On Terror ( Wot )1582 Words   |  7 Pages The War on Terror (WoT), also known as the Global War on Terrorism (GWOT), refers to the international military campaign that started after the September 11 attacks on the United States.[47] U.S. President George W. Bush first used the term War on Terror on 20 September 2001.[47] The Bush administration and the western media have since used the term to argue a global military, political, legal, and conceptual struggle against both organizations designated terrorist and regimes accused of supporting